Health-care providers -- mainly doctors, clinical officers, midwives, nurses, and laboratory and support staff -- are only able to provide quality care in rural areas if they are supported with functional equipment, sufficient essential supplies, including drugs, regular supervision and opportunities for career development. } A cause leads directly to a death. The six most preventable causes of death for children younger than 5 are: Premature birth (18% of deaths) Pneumonia (16% of deaths) Birth defects (13% of deaths) Newborn infections, malaria, sepsis, measles (13% of deaths) Birth complications (11% of deaths) Diarrhea (9% of deaths) } Breastfeeding Is an Investment in Health, Not Just a Lifestyle Decision Benefits for Infants Infants who are breastfed have reduced risks of: Asthma. margin-top: 20px; Data compiled by the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation reveals that progress has been made in every region of the world. } -ms-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; border-bottom: #eeeeee dotted 2px; Evidence indicates that when girls with at least a basic education reach adulthood, they are more likely than those without an education to manage the size of their families according to their capacities, and are more likely to provide better care for their children and send them to school.Achieving universal primary education is itself a Millennium Development Goal. .observance-item-title a { } Other community-based interventions, including Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, have high coverage and are proven to be effective. font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; width: 360px; .international-items.resolution { } And universal basic education reduces poverty and contributes to economic growth by increasing productivity. font-size: 1.75rem !important; opacity: 0.7; } Reduce under-five mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births in every country. Nearly half (47%) of deaths among Indigenous children aged . .heading-underlined-blue::after { .country { } font-family: 'FontAwesome'; } The total number of under-5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.2 million in 2019. border-top: #009edb solid 3px; @media (max-width: 400px) { margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; Let me explain you why. font-weight: 600; Rumishael Shoo is Regional Advisor of Child Survival and Development, with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office. color:#009edb; .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { } } font-family: FontAwesome; } Instead of comprehensively analyzing the global poverty trend, this article discusses two major challenges to achieving the global targets: (i) the slow pace of poverty reduction in Eastern and Southern Africa and (ii) the lack of frequency and timeliness of poverty data. color:#009edb; 14 Why is infant mortality the most important indicator of community health? background: #009EDB; Since 1990, the global under-5 mortality rate has dropped by 59%, from 93 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 38 in 2019. In the last five years, nearly 20 countries in the region conducted emergency obstetric care (EmOC) assessments. ol.ol-decimal, ol.ol-lower-latin { Without these, health workers face difficulties in reaching villages and homes, malnutrition undermines the impact of health interventions, contaminated water sources cause diarrhoeal diseases, and unhygienic practices render children and mothers more vulnerable to disease. border-radius: 10px; } } By doing so, we can assure they dont only come the first time, but for the second and third vaccination as well. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Humanitarian Action for Children 2023 - Democratic Republic of the Congo, DR Congo : the ongoing emergency in Rutshuru, UNICEF DRC Humanitarian Situation Report No. a.social-icon-android::after { .observance-item-title a:hover { } } border-bottom: none; Older children (5-9 years) had one of the largest declines in mortality since 1990 (61%), due to a decline in infectious diseases. Politically, the health issue is not seen as a priority: only 4.6 per cent of the national budget for 2010/2011 was spent on health, but out of that money only 20 per cent was actually paid into the health system. .blue-well-large-text { margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; .vertical-line-right { To achieve this goal, both the public and private sectors have a crucial role to play. } Everyone can play a role in working to prevent pregnancy-related deaths and improving maternal health outcomes. font-size: 1.2em; Impact: NVAP prevents blindness in approximately 2,000 children each year, and was found to reduce under-five mortality in Nepal by about half between 1995 and 2000. padding-left: 2em; position: absolute; color: #ffffff !important; } .node-sidebar-item-body ul li { @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { background: rgba(77,77,77,0.9); border:none; } } width: 310px; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; In fact, eight interventions had coverage below 5 per cent1. Type 1 diabetes. At the same time, UNICEF is a major player acting at different levels in this huge country, where the work includes coaching health authorities on zone levels as well as health teams down on local district level. Countries with the highest number of deaths for 5 to 9-year-olds include India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan and China. padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; .horizontal-line-top { font-weight: 600; border-radius: 0px; In contrast, upgrading inferior health facilities involves far more extensive changes, such as connecting running water and electricity, adding new cadres of skilled attendants, Government authorization to mid-level health-care providers to perform live-saving functions, and provision of staff quarters to ensure they are available to provide 24-hour service.Integration of maternal, newborn and child health with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) and pediatric AIDS. border: solid 1px #000; width: 50% !important; h2.international-selection { .heading-underlined-blue::after { Ann M. Veneman has been Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) since May 2005. But to reduce disparities, it's important to address social determinants of health that require more political solutions. Neonatal encephalopathy usually results from birth trauma or a lack of oxygen to the baby during birth. padding-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 10px; .main-container.container { vertical-align: middle; padding: 2rem; The purpose of the UNICEF programme is to reduce mortality rate in children under the age of five, through vaccination programmes, nutrition programmes and other health care. } } Malnutrition among children is a major problem in the DR Congo and nutrition, with distribution of peanut butter and milk to small children, is an important part of the health programme. content: "\f105"; max-width: 70%; content: "\f10d"; /* ********* some padding for side bar items ********** */ 1 There are many different kinds of birth defects, and they can happen in any pregnancy.. /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ } } } We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. border-top: solid #aaa 1px; Certain legal restrictions on medical practice are derived from outdated colonial rules that continue to guide clinical practices in some countries. } .heading-center-underline::after { } border-radius: 10px; a.social-icon-apple::after { /* ***** padding and text copy-specific styles ***** */ There is a shift from health sector actions to prevent and treat the infectious diseases of early childhood towards other government sectors including education, transportation and road infrastructure, water and sanitation and law enforcement. It raises economic productivity, reduces poverty, lowers infant and maternal mortality, and helps improve nutritional status and health.In addition, clean water and adequate sanitation in schools often trigger demand for clean water and good sanitation practices in the wider community. text-align: center; } border: none; font-weight: auto; font-size: 2rem; ul.spaced-list li { .text-lead-lg { margin-right: 0.3em; .vertical-line-left { #memberStatesIndex a { font-size: 3rem; It is privileged to host senior United Nations officials as well as distinguished contributors from outside the United Nations system whose views are not necessarily those of the United Nations. @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 32.24px; float: right !important; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } War, political instability, malnutrition, small health budget and bad roads - reasons why the child mortality rate in the DR Congo ranks among the highest in the world are many. The views expressed here are the author's own. Maternal health care is also a part of the programme, since infant mortality is strongly linked to mothers' access to care during pregnancy and childbirth. font-size: 2rem !important; .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { The UNChronicleisnot an official record. background: #009EDB; Moving from business as usual to innovative, multiple, and tailored approaches to increase access, coverage, and quality of child health services will require strategic direction and an optimal mix of community and facility-based care. This is one of the reasons that the United Nations has made eradicating extreme poverty and hunger its number-one and two Sustainable Development Goals. } text-decoration: underline !important; 622. .eventitem { border:none; } Methods: A retrospective epidemiologic study linked birth-infant death data for 148,679 live births in Shelby County, Tennessee from January 2004 to December 2014. margin-bottom: 3em; } -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); } It is an important indicator of the overall physical health of a community. color: #009edb; margin-right: 50% !important; 4. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. UNICEFs Child Survival Programme will contribute to building up the country's health system by supporting the DR Congo's own national health policy, and the programme is implemented in collaboration with the country's health ministry. Instead of using our mental and physical energy picking up the slack for others, we need to use those moments to project our voices, asking those in positions of money and power what they are doing to fix the problem. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest under-5 mortality rate in the world, with 1 child in 13 dying before his or her fifth birthday, 20 years behind the world average which achieved a 1 in 13 rate in 1999. box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); } These are issues that the Government can take up with the private sector, faith-based organizations and development partners.Experience shows that it is relatively easy to fix the missing functions of a hospital or health centre. padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; } } Programmes like the Child Friendly School Initiative support the development of schools that offer a safe, high-quality, inclusive education, tailored to the needs of the children they serve.Informal education for those not in schools can also contribute to the health and well-being of women, children and their communities. list-style-type: lower-latin; .grey-well { border-left: solid #eeeeee 5px; /* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ The total number of under-5 deaths worldwide has declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 5.2 million in 2019. , nearly 20 countries in the last five years, nearly 20 countries in the five. 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